IEM :: RADAR & NWS Warnings

NWS CWSU/WFO/RFC Office:

Selecting a different office will move the display to that office.

Year:
Month:
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Time:	:

Warnings Valid at: 12 Jun 2025 06:57 PM CDT

Severe Thunderstorm Warning (View Text) expires 07:45 PM by ARX (JAR)
Mower, in MN

VTEC# 47 (NEW)

Issued: 06:57 PM

Updated: 06:57 PM

Marine Warning (View Text) expires 08:00 PM by CRP (NMP)
Waters from Baffin Bay to Port Aransas from 20 to 60 NM, Waters from Port Aransas to Matagorda Ship Channel from 20 to 60 NM, in GM

VTEC# 51 (NEW)

Issued: 06:56 PM

Updated: 06:56 PM

Severe Thunderstorm Warning (View Text) expires 07:30 PM by LZK (Barham)
Randolph, Lawrence, Sharp, in AR

VTEC# 368 (NEW)

Issued: 06:54 PM

Updated: 06:54 PM

Flash Flood Warning (View Text) expires 08:45 PM by RNK (EB)
Grayson, in VA

VTEC# 14 (NEW)

Issued: 06:54 PM

Updated: 06:54 PM

Severe Thunderstorm Warning (View Text) expires 07:30 PM by BOU (Rodriguez)
Morgan, Washington, in CO

VTEC# 99 (NEW)

Issued: 06:51 PM

Updated: 06:51 PM

Severe Thunderstorm Warning (View Text) expires 07:30 PM by CYS (Goatley)
Platte, in WY

VTEC# 64 (NEW)

Issued: 06:46 PM

Updated: 06:46 PM

Severe Thunderstorm Warning (View Text) expires 07:30 PM by CYS (Goatley)
Niobrara, Goshen, in WY

VTEC# 63 (NEW)

Issued: 06:42 PM

Updated: 06:42 PM

Severe Thunderstorm Warning (View Text) expires 07:30 PM by AKQ (HET)
Bertie, Hertford, in NC

VTEC# 164 (NEW)

Issued: 06:41 PM

Updated: 06:41 PM

Severe Thunderstorm Warning (View Text) expires 07:15 PM by BRO (Hallman)
Hidalgo, in TX

VTEC# 77 (NEW)

Issued: 06:40 PM

Updated: 06:40 PM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 07:20 AM by EWX (MO)
Bexar, in TX

VTEC# 4 (EXT)

Issued: 06:40 PM

Updated: 02:49 PM

Severe Thunderstorm Warning (View Text) expires 07:30 PM by BYZ (Matos)
Powder River, in MT

VTEC# 18 (CON)

Issued: 06:37 PM

Updated: 06:47 PM

Flash Flood Warning (View Text) expires 10:30 PM by LBF (Buttler)
Cherry, Keya Paha, Brown, in NE

VTEC# 7 (NEW)

Issued: 06:36 PM

Updated: 06:36 PM

Severe Thunderstorm Warning (View Text) expires 07:00 PM by ARX (JAR)
Mower, in MN

VTEC# 46 (NEW)

Issued: 06:33 PM

Updated: 06:33 PM

Flood Advisory (View Text) expires 08:30 PM by JAX (DUBOIS)
Gilchrist, in FL

VTEC# 61 (NEW)

Issued: 06:32 PM

Updated: 06:32 PM

Severe Thunderstorm Warning (View Text) expires 07:15 PM by BOU (Rodriguez)
Morgan, Logan, in CO

VTEC# 98 (CON)

Issued: 06:30 PM

Updated: 06:55 PM

Severe Thunderstorm Warning (View Text) expires 07:00 PM by EPZ (DH)
Hudspeth, in TX

VTEC# 18 (EXP)

Issued: 06:29 PM

Updated: 06:53 PM

Severe Thunderstorm Warning (View Text) expires 07:00 PM by EPZ (DH)
Otero, in NM

VTEC# 18 (EXP)

Issued: 06:29 PM

Updated: 06:53 PM

Severe Thunderstorm Warning (View Text) expires 07:15 PM by LBF ()
Cherry, in NE

VTEC# 76 (CON)

Issued: 06:28 PM

Updated: 06:49 PM

Flood Advisory (View Text) expires 09:30 PM by RAH (10)
Montgomery, Anson, Richmond, Stanly, in NC

VTEC# 47 (NEW)

Issued: 06:22 PM

Updated: 06:22 PM

Severe Thunderstorm Warning (View Text) expires 07:15 PM by MAF (44)
Culberson, in TX

VTEC# 435 (CON)

Issued: 06:20 PM

Updated: 06:47 PM

Severe Thunderstorm Warning (View Text) expires 07:00 PM by LBF ()
Brown, Keya Paha, Cherry, in NE

VTEC# 75 (CON)

Issued: 06:15 PM

Updated: 06:37 PM

Flood Advisory (View Text) expires 09:15 PM by JAX (DUBOIS)
Baker, in FL

VTEC# 60 (NEW)

Issued: 06:13 PM

Updated: 06:13 PM

Flood Advisory (View Text) expires 08:00 PM by CAE (HC)
Richland, Lexington, in SC

VTEC# 33 (NEW)

Issued: 05:59 PM

Updated: 05:59 PM

Marine Warning (View Text) expires 07:00 PM by CRP (NC)
Coastal waters from Baffin Bay to Port Aransas out 20 NM, Waters from Baffin Bay to Port Aransas from 20 to 60 NM, Waters from Port Aransas to Matagorda Ship Channel from 20 to 60 NM, Coastal waters from Port Aransas to Matagorda Ship Channel out 20 NM, in GM

VTEC# 50 (NEW)

Issued: 05:40 PM

Updated: 05:40 PM

Flood Advisory (View Text) expires 08:15 PM by TBW (TBW)
Hillsborough, in FL

VTEC# 10 (NEW)

Issued: 05:09 PM

Updated: 05:09 PM

Gale Warning (View Text) expires 11:00 PM by MTR ()
Coastal Waters from Point Arena to Point Reyes California out to 10 nm, in PZ

VTEC# 25 (CON)

Issued: 05:00 PM

Updated: 04:52 PM

Gale Warning (View Text) expires 05:00 AM by MTR ()
Coastal Waters from Point Pinos to Point Piedras Blancas California out to 10 nm, in PZ

VTEC# 25 (CON)

Issued: 05:00 PM

Updated: 04:52 PM

Small Craft Advisory (View Text) expires 11:00 PM by MTR ()
Monterey Bay, in PZ

VTEC# 99 (CON)

Issued: 05:00 PM

Updated: 04:52 PM

Small Craft Advisory (View Text) expires 11:00 PM by LOX ()
East Santa Barbara Channel from Pt. Conception to Pt. Mugu including Santa Cruz and Anacapa Islands, in PZ

VTEC# 97 (CON)

Issued: 05:00 PM

Updated: 01:16 PM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 04:45 PM by CRP (TE)
Victoria, in TX

VTEC# 6 (NEW)

Issued: 04:45 PM

Updated: 09:18 AM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 03:00 PM by MOB (10)
Clarke, Washington, in AL

VTEC# 41 (EXT)

Issued: 04:00 PM

Updated: 08:20 AM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 07:29 AM by HGX (47)
Brazoria, Wharton, Fort Bend, in TX

VTEC# 15 (NEW)

Issued: 03:52 PM

Updated: 02:19 PM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 06:54 AM by EWX (MO)
Wilson, Bexar, in TX

VTEC# 5 (EXT)

Issued: 02:53 PM

Updated: 02:53 PM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 08:20 PM by EWX (MO)
Bexar, in TX

VTEC# 3 (EXT)

Issued: 02:47 PM

Updated: 02:47 PM

Flood Advisory (View Text) expires 07:00 PM by TSA ()
Choctaw, in OK

VTEC# 36 (NEW)

Issued: 02:42 PM

Updated: 02:42 PM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 02:42 PM by CRP (TE)
Victoria, Goliad, in TX

VTEC# 5 (NEW)

Issued: 02:42 PM

Updated: 09:15 AM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 02:37 PM by CRP (TE)
Victoria, in TX

VTEC# 7 (NEW)

Issued: 02:37 PM

Updated: 09:20 AM

Flood Advisory (View Text) expires 01:00 AM by OUN (SK)
Bryan, in OK

VTEC# 103 (NEW)

Issued: 02:32 PM

Updated: 02:32 PM

Flood Advisory (View Text) expires 01:00 PM by OUN (SK)
Atoka, in OK

VTEC# 104 (NEW)

Issued: 02:32 PM

Updated: 02:32 PM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 02:34 PM by HGX (Cotto (24))
Matagorda, Wharton, in TX

VTEC# 14 (NEW)

Issued: 02:09 PM

Updated: 09:19 AM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 11:50 AM by EWX (PLATT)
Bexar, in TX

VTEC# 7 (EXT)

Issued: 01:36 PM

Updated: 06:32 PM

Small Craft Advisory (View Text) expires 07:00 AM by HGX ()
Waters from Freeport to Matagorda Ship Channel TX from 20 to 60 NM, Waters from High Island to Freeport TX from 20 to 60 NM, in GM

VTEC# 48 (CON)

Issued: 01:16 PM

Updated: 04:23 PM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 08:00 PM by JAN (19)
Attala, Holmes, in MS

VTEC# 76 (NEW)

Issued: 12:39 PM

Updated: 12:39 PM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 09:00 PM by HGX (Cotto (24))
Matagorda, Brazoria, Wharton, Jackson, in TX

VTEC# 3 (EXT)

Issued: 11:58 AM

Updated: 05:09 PM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 08:34 AM by SHV (13)
Wood, in TX

VTEC# 144 (EXT)

Issued: 11:41 AM

Updated: 08:34 AM

Small Craft Advisory (View Text) expires 08:00 PM by SEW ()
Coastal Waters From Cape Flattery To James Island Out 10 Nm, Coastal Waters From Point Grenville To Cape Shoalwater Out 10 Nm, Coastal Waters From James Island To Point Grenville Out 10 Nm, Coastal Waters From Point Grenville To Cape Shoalwater 10 To 60 Nm, Coastal Waters From Cape Flattery To James Island 10 To 60 Nm, Waters From James Island To Point Grenville 10 To 60 Nm, in PZ

VTEC# 75 (CON)

Issued: 07:00 PM

Updated: 04:48 PM

Gale Warning (View Text) expires 05:00 AM by LOX ()
Outer waters from Santa Cruz Island to San Clemente Island to 60 nm offshore including San Nicolas Island, Point Piedras Blancas to Point Sal from 10 to 60 NM out, Waters from Pt. Sal to Santa Cruz Island CA and westward 60 nm including San Miguel and Santa Rosa Islands, in PZ

VTEC# 31 (CON)

Issued: 11:00 AM

Updated: 01:16 PM

Beach Hazard Statement (View Text) expires 10:00 PM by DLH ()
Douglas, in WI

VTEC# 2 (NEW)

Issued: 10:00 AM

Updated: 02:43 AM

Beach Hazard Statement (View Text) expires 10:00 PM by DLH ()
Carlton/South St. Louis, in MN

VTEC# 2 (NEW)

Issued: 10:00 AM

Updated: 02:43 AM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 10:10 PM by FWD (12)
Navarro, in TX

VTEC# 99 (EXT)

Issued: 08:35 AM

Updated: 03:04 PM

Small Craft Advisory (View Text) expires 10:00 AM by DLH ()
Two Harbors to Duluth MN, Duluth MN to Port Wing WI, in LS

VTEC# 74 (CON)

Issued: 08:00 AM

Updated: 02:32 PM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 09:33 AM by HGX (Luchs)
Walker, Polk, San Jacinto, Trinity, in TX

VTEC# 13 (CON)

Issued: 07:17 AM

Updated: 09:33 AM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 03:04 PM by FWD (Schroeder)
Leon, Robertson, in TX

VTEC# 96 (CON)

Issued: 07:00 AM

Updated: 03:04 PM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 10:32 AM by SHV (13)
Harrison, Marion, in TX

VTEC# 136 (CON)

Issued: 07:00 AM

Updated: 10:32 AM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 04:11 AM by FWD (Barnes)
McLennan, in TX

VTEC# 103 (CON)

Issued: 07:00 AM

Updated: 03:04 PM

Gale Warning (View Text) expires 08:30 AM by AFC ()
Bering Sea Offshore East of 171W, in PK

VTEC# 412 (EXT)

Issued: 06:25 AM

Updated: 05:54 PM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 01:02 AM by EWX (MO)
Bexar, in TX

VTEC# 1 (EXT)

Issued: 05:04 AM

Updated: 02:52 PM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 01:00 AM by SHV (13)
Nacogdoches, Rusk, in TX

VTEC# 145 (EXT)

Issued: 05:00 AM

Updated: 09:20 AM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 07:00 PM by SHV (13)
Titus, Morris, Franklin, in TX

VTEC# 143 (EXT)

Issued: 04:30 AM

Updated: 10:29 AM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 08:17 AM by FWD (Barnes)
Coryell, in TX

VTEC# 102 (CON)

Issued: 04:04 AM

Updated: 03:04 PM

Small Craft Advisory (View Text) expires 05:00 AM by LOX ()
Point Piedras Blancas to Point Sal westward out to 10 NM, in PZ

VTEC# 97 (CON)

Issued: 02:32 AM

Updated: 01:16 PM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 03:04 PM by FWD (Hernandez)
Anderson, Freestone, Leon, in TX

VTEC# 92 (CON)

Issued: 02:12 AM

Updated: 03:04 PM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 02:00 PM by SHV (13)
San Augustine, in TX

VTEC# 141 (EXT)

Issued: 12:49 AM

Updated: 09:22 AM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 01:00 PM by SHV (33)
Rusk, Gregg, in TX

VTEC# 135 (EXT)

Issued: 08:09 PM

Updated: 08:38 AM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 08:03 PM by FWD (Schroeder)
Rockwall, Hunt, in TX

VTEC# 94 (EXT)

Issued: 07:45 PM

Updated: 03:04 PM

Small Craft Advisory (View Text) expires 05:00 AM by MTR ()
Coastal Waters from Point Reyes to Pigeon Point California out to 10 nm, Waters from Pigeon Pt. to Pt. Piedras Blancas CA from 10 to 60 nm, Coastal Waters from Pigeon Point to Point Pinos California out to 10 nm, in PZ

VTEC# 101 (CON)

Issued: 11:00 AM

Updated: 04:52 PM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 03:34 PM by FWD (Prater)
Hopkins, Delta, in TX

VTEC# 97 (CON)

Issued: 03:51 PM

Updated: 03:04 PM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 10:20 AM by FWD (Schroeder)
Hunt, in TX

VTEC# 93 (EXT)

Issued: 03:39 PM

Updated: 03:04 PM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 02:30 PM by FWD (Schroeder)
Limestone, in TX

VTEC# 95 (CON)

Issued: 11:00 AM

Updated: 03:04 PM

Small Craft Advisory (View Text) expires 05:00 AM by EKA ()
Coastal waters from Cape Mendocino to Pt. Arena CA out 10 nm, Waters from Pt. St. George to Cape Mendocino CA from 10 to 60 nm, Waters from Cape Mendocino to Pt. Arena CA from 10 to 60 nm, in PZ

VTEC# 65 (EXT)

Issued: 11:00 PM

Updated: 04:59 PM

Flood Advisory (View Text) expires 07:00 AM by LZK (74)
Jackson, Woodruff, in AR

VTEC# 26 (EXT)

Issued: 10:06 AM

Updated: 11:33 AM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 05:30 PM by MOB (10)
Washington, Clarke, Choctaw, in AL

VTEC# 40 (EXT)

Issued: 05:12 AM

Updated: 08:19 AM

Lake Wind Advisory (View Text) expires 09:00 PM by GGW (Forrester)
McCone, Central and Southern Valley, Petroleum, Garfield, Central and Southeast Phillips, in MT

VTEC# 19 (EXT)

Issued: 03:22 AM

Updated: 03:06 AM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 08:28 AM by SHV (05)
McCurtain, in OK

VTEC# 130 (CON)

Issued: 11:58 PM

Updated: 08:28 AM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 08:28 AM by SHV (05)
Bowie, Red River, in TX

VTEC# 130 (CON)

Issued: 11:58 PM

Updated: 08:28 AM

Small Craft Advisory (View Text) expires 05:00 AM by MTR ()
Waters from Pt. Arena to Pigeon Pt. CA from 10 to 60 nm, in PZ

VTEC# 100 (CON)

Issued: 05:00 PM

Updated: 04:52 PM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 02:51 PM by SHV (05)
Smith, Wood, in TX

VTEC# 128 (CON)

Issued: 10:03 AM

Updated: 02:51 PM

Small Craft Advisory (View Text) expires 11:00 PM by HFO ()
Big Island Southeast Waters, Maalaea Bay, Pailolo Channel, Alenuihaha Channel, Big Island Leeward Waters, in PH

VTEC# 28 (CON)

Issued: 09:00 AM

Updated: 08:16 AM

Flood Advisory (View Text) expires 07:00 PM by TSA ()
Johnson, Franklin, Logan, in AR

VTEC# 34 (EXT)

Issued: 02:47 AM

Updated: 02:22 PM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 10:27 AM by SHV (05)
Titus, Red River, Morris, Franklin, Bowie, in TX

VTEC# 131 (CON)

Issued: 09:36 PM

Updated: 10:27 AM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 11:48 PM by IND (AU)
Gibson, Pike, Daviess, Knox, in IN

VTEC# 96 (EXT)

Issued: 08:00 PM

Updated: 10:59 AM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 03:04 PM by FWD (Darrah)
Henderson, Navarro, in TX

VTEC# 91 (CON)

Issued: 12:28 PM

Updated: 03:04 PM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 04:36 PM by IND (AU)
Gibson, Knox, in IN

VTEC# 95 (EXT)

Issued: 12:16 PM

Updated: 11:02 AM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 01:32 AM by JAN (7)
Leake, in MS

VTEC# 75 (CON)

Issued: 11:29 AM

Updated: 08:57 PM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 10:55 AM by SHV (24)
Columbia, in AR

VTEC# 127 (CON)

Issued: 12:11 AM

Updated: 10:55 AM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 10:55 AM by SHV (24)
Webster, in LA

VTEC# 127 (CON)

Issued: 12:11 AM

Updated: 10:55 AM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 07:36 AM by JAN (19)
Noxubee, in MS

VTEC# 74 (EXT)

Issued: 09:51 PM

Updated: 12:38 PM

Small Craft Advisory (View Text) expires 07:00 PM by MFR ()
Waters from Cape Blanco OR to Pt. St. George CA from 10 to 60 nm, Coastal waters from Cape Blanco OR to Pt. St. George CA out 10 nm, in PZ

VTEC# 58 (CON)

Issued: 07:00 PM

Updated: 04:30 PM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 06:34 PM by IND (CC/CP)
Pike, Gibson, Knox, Daviess, in IN

VTEC# 89 (EXT)

Issued: 06:23 AM

Updated: 10:54 AM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 04:48 AM by LUB (MCZ)
Lubbock, in TX

VTEC# 2 (NEW)

Issued: 04:48 AM

Updated: 04:52 AM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 09:30 AM by HGX (Cotto (24))
Liberty, in TX

VTEC# 12 (CON)

Issued: 04:00 AM

Updated: 09:30 AM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 07:00 AM by SGF (TG)
Vernon, St. Clair, in MO

VTEC# 51 (EXT)

Issued: 10:09 AM

Updated: 08:14 AM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 09:25 AM by HGX (Batiste)
Chambers, Liberty, in TX

VTEC# 11 (CON)

Issued: 07:00 AM

Updated: 09:25 AM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 07:00 PM by LZK (73)
Woodruff, Prairie, White, in AR

VTEC# 82 (CON)

Issued: 11:34 PM

Updated: 11:31 AM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 01:00 AM by LZK (73)
Prairie, in AR

VTEC# 81 (EXT)

Issued: 07:00 PM

Updated: 11:31 AM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 09:13 AM by SHV (88)
Anderson, Angelina, Cherokee, Houston, in TX

VTEC# 124 (CON)

Issued: 09:14 AM

Updated: 09:13 AM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 09:21 AM by SHV (88)
Angelina, Nacogdoches, in TX

VTEC# 122 (CON)

Issued: 07:00 AM

Updated: 09:21 AM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 09:15 AM by SHV (88)
Polk, Angelina, Trinity, in TX

VTEC# 121 (CON)

Issued: 08:29 AM

Updated: 09:15 AM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 09:12 AM by SHV (88)
Cherokee, Anderson, in TX

VTEC# 112 (CON)

Issued: 01:27 AM

Updated: 09:12 AM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 01:00 PM by LZK (61)
Independence, Jackson, Lawrence, in AR

VTEC# 74 (EXT)

Issued: 08:22 PM

Updated: 08:40 AM

Flood Advisory (View Text) expires 01:00 PM by JAN (OAJ)
Washington, Issaquena, in MS

VTEC# 11 (EXT)

Issued: 05:43 AM

Updated: 12:40 PM

Flood Advisory (View Text) expires 01:00 PM by JAN (OAJ)
Chicot, in AR

VTEC# 11 (EXT)

Issued: 05:43 AM

Updated: 12:40 PM

Flood Advisory (View Text) expires 01:00 PM by JAN (OAJ)
East Carroll, in LA

VTEC# 11 (EXT)

Issued: 05:43 AM

Updated: 12:40 PM

Flood Advisory (View Text) expires 07:00 AM by JAN (SW)
Adams, Wilkinson, in MS

VTEC# 10 (CON)

Issued: 10:04 AM

Updated: 12:40 PM

Flood Advisory (View Text) expires 07:00 AM by JAN (SW)
Concordia, in LA

VTEC# 10 (CON)

Issued: 10:04 AM

Updated: 12:40 PM

Flood Advisory (View Text) expires 01:00 AM by JAN (sas20)
Tensas, Madison, in LA

VTEC# 9 (CON)

Issued: 02:04 AM

Updated: 12:40 PM

Flood Advisory (View Text) expires 01:00 AM by JAN (sas20)
Claiborne, Warren, Jefferson, in MS

VTEC# 9 (CON)

Issued: 02:04 AM

Updated: 12:40 PM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 07:00 AM by LIX (BL)
Pointe Coupee, East Baton Rouge, West Feliciana, in LA

VTEC# 9 (CON)

Issued: 09:24 AM

Updated: 08:50 PM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 11:31 AM by LZK (61)
Arkansas, Monroe, in AR

VTEC# 42 (CON)

Issued: 03:00 PM

Updated: 11:31 AM

Flood Warning (View Text) expires 11:31 AM by LZK (61)
Woodruff, White, in AR

VTEC# 36 (CON)

Issued: 04:39 AM

Updated: 11:31 AM

Download GIS shapefile of current warnings and/or GeoTiff of NEXRAD base reflectivity.

Notes:

This application is educational grade and should not be used operationally.
The status column is simply the status of the warning. The warning is in 'NEW' state until a SVS is issued, then it goes to 'CON' for continued.
NEXRAD composite is available since 1 Jan 1997.
Prior to the NWS adoption of VTEC, warnings were not expired nor canceled.
SVS updates were added in 2005.
LSR archive begins 1 Jan 2004.
Archive of watches begins 1 Jan 1997.